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Vocabulary insight 5
Using a dictionary: phrasal verbs
66 Vocabulary insight 5
1
Read part of the listening extract from unit 3C and
find six phrasal verbs. What do they mean?
3
Choose the two sentences that are incorrect. Why
are they incorrect?
1
They have fallen out.
2
They fell out with each other.
3
Luke fell out with.
4
She fell out with her best friend.
5
He has fallen his mother out.
6
Why have they fallen out?
4
Study the dictionary entries for phrasal verbs
with put. Which ones are separable and which
inseparable? Match sentences 1–4 to a–d to make
mini dialogues.
For some people it’s all about power and being in
control. They think that if they apologize they will lose
that. Sometimes issues with apologizing can be put
down to experiences in a person’s childhood: perhaps
a child was criticized a lot by their parents while
they were growing up and felt they never lived up to
their parents’ expectations. As they get older they can
take two approaches to this to avoid all the negative
associations from childhood. One is to try and avoid
situations where they may end up having to apologize
at all. This is a very difficult strategy to get away
with because it is completely unrealistic. The other,
simpler approach, is to avoid admitting they have made
mistakes or come up with excuses time after time not
to apologize.
strategy
The grammar of phrasal verbs
A phrasal verb is a combination of two or three words:
a verb and at least one particle (a preposition or an
adverb). The particle changes the meaning of the verb.
There are three main types of phrasal verbs:
1
Intransitive – these verbs do not need an object.
2
Transitive, separable – these phrasal verbs can be
separated by an object (in a dictionary, there is usually
sb
/
sth
between the two parts of the phrasal verb).
3
Transitive, inseparable – these phrasal verbs cannot be
separated by an object (in a dictionary, there is usually
sb
/
sth
after the phrasal verb). Three-part phrasal
verbs cannot be separated.
2
Read the strategy above. Study the dictionary
entries for phrasal verbs with fall. Match them to
categories 1–3 in the strategy.
1
fall apart
2
fall back on sb / sth
3
fall for sb
4
fall for sth
5
fall out
6
fall out with sb
7
fall through
become:
He
fell asleep
on the sofa.
They
fell in love
with each other in Spain.
I must get some new shoes
—
these ones are
falling to pieces
.
HAPPEN
8
(
formal
) to come or happen:
My birthday
f lls on a Sunday this year.
BELONG TO GROUP
9
to belong to a particular group,
type, etc:
Animals fall into two groups, those with
ackbones and t ose without.
fall flat
flat
1
fall foul of sb/sth
to get in trouble with sb/sth
because you have done sth wrong:
At sixteen she fell
foul of the law for the first time.
f ll/get into arrears
arrears
fall/slot into place
place
1
fall/land on your feet
foot
1
fall short (of sth)
to not be enough; to not reach
sth:
The pay rise fell short of what they had asked for.
fall apart
to break (into pieces):
My car is
falling apart.
fall back on sb/sth
to use sb/sth when you are in
difficulty:
When the electricity was cut off we fell back
on candles.
fall for sb
(
informal
) to be strongly attracted to sb;
to fall in love with sb
fall for sth
(
informal
) to be tricked into believing sth
that is not true:
He makes excuses and she falls for
them every time.
fall out (with sb)
(
BrE
) to argue and stop being
friendly (with sb)
fall through
to fail or not happen:
Our trip to Japan
has fallen through.
fall
2
/
f
ɔː
l
/
noun
DOWN/OFF STH
1
[C] an act of falling down or off
sth:
She
h d a
nasty
fall
from her horse.
AMOUNT/DISTANCE
2
[C]
a fall (of sth)
the amount of
sth that has fallen or the distance that sth has fallen:
We have had a heavy fall of snow.
a fall of four
metres
WATER
3
falls
[pl] a large amount of water falling
down from a height:
Niagara Falls
waterfall
AUTUMN
4
[C] (
AmE
) =
autumn
DECREASE
5
[C]
a fall (in sth)
a decrease (in value,
quantity, etc.):
There has been a sharp fall in interest
rates.
drop
rise
DEFEAT
6
[sing]
the fall of sth
a (political) defeat; a
failure:
the fall of the Roman Empire
sb
’
s fall from grace
a situation in which sb
loses the respect that people had for them by doing
sth wrong or immoral
fallacy
/
ˈ
fæl
ə
si
/
noun
[C,U] (
pl
fallacies
) (
formal
) a
false belief or a wrong idea:
It
’
s a fallacy that money
brings happiness
(= it
’
s not true)
.
a false bottom.
a false name/passport
4
(used
bout s
’
s behaviour or expression) not sincere or
honest:
a false smile
false modesty
a false alarm
a warning about a danger that
does not happen
a false friend
a word in another language that
looks similar to a word in your own but has a differ-
ent meaning
on/under false pretences
pretending to be or to
have sth in order to trick people:
She got into the club
under false pretences
—
she isn
’
t a member at all!
falsely
adv
:
He was falsely accused of theft.
She
smiled falsely at his joke.
ˌ
false
ˈ
teeth
(also
dentures
)
noun
[pl] artificial
teeth that are worn by sb who has lost their natural
teeth
falsify
/
ˈ
f
ɔː
ls
ɪ
fa
ɪ
/
verb
[T] (
falsifying
;
falsifies
;
pt
,
pp
falsified
) (
formal
) to change a document, informa-
tion, etc. so that it is no longer true in order to trick
sb:
to falsify data/records/accounts
falter
/
ˈ
f
ɔː
lt
ə
(r)
/
verb
[I]
1
to become weak or
move in a way that is not steady:
The engine faltered
and stopped.
2
to lose confidence and determin-
ation:
Murray faltered and missed the ball.
fame
/
fe
ɪ
m
/
noun
[U] being known or talked about
by many people because of what you have
achieved:
Pop stars achieve fame at a young age.
The town
’
s only
claim to fame
is that George Eliot
was born there.
famed
/
fe
ɪ
md
/
adj
famed (for sth)
very well
known (for sth):
Welsh people are famed for their
singing.
A more common word is
famous
.
familiar
/
f
əˈ
m
ɪ
li
ə
(r)
/
adj
1
familiar (to sb)
known to you; often seen or heard and therefore
easy to recognize:
to look/sound familiar
Chinese
music isn
’
t very familiar to people in Europe.
It was
a relief to see a familiar face in the crowd.
unfamiliar
2
familiar with sth
having a good know-
ledge of sth:
People in Europe aren
’
t very familiar with
Chinese music.
unfamiliar
3
familiar (with sb)
(used about sb
’
s behaviour) too friendly and infor-
mal:
I was annoyed by the waiter
’
s familiar behav-
iour.
familiarity
/
f
əˌ
m
ɪ
li
ˈ
ær
ə
ti
/
noun
[U]
1
familiarity
(with sth)
having a good knowledge of sth:
His
familiarity with the area was an advantage.
2
being
too friendly and informal
F
267
fall
family
put yourself ut
to do sth for sb, even though it
brings you trouble or extra work:
‘
I
’
ll give you a lift
home.
’ ‘
I don
’
t want you to put yourself out. I
’
ll take a
taxi.
’
put sth/yourself over
=
put sth/yourself across/
over
put sb through sth
to make sb experience sth
unpleasant
put sb/sth through
to make a telephone connec-
tion that allows sb to speak to sb:
Could you put me
through to Jeanne, please?
put sth to sb
to suggest sth to sb; to ask sb sth:
I put
the question to her.
put sth together
to build or repair sth by joining its
parts together:
The fur iture comes with instructions
on how to put it together.
put sth towards sth
to give money to pay part of
the cost of sth:
We all put a pound towards a leaving
present for Joe.
put sb up
to give sb food and a place to stay:
She
had missed the last train home, so I offered to put her
up for the night.
put sth up
1
to lift or hold sth up:
Put your hand up
if you know the answer.
2
to build sth:
to put up a
fence/tent
3
to fix sth to a wall, etc. so that everyone
can see it:
to put up a notice
4
to increase sth:
Some
shops put up their prices just before Christmas.
put up sth
to try to stop sb attacking you:
The old
lady put up a struggle against her attacker.
put up with sb/sth
to suffer sb/sth unpleasant and
not complain about it:
I don
’
t know how they put up
with this noise.
putrid
/
ˈ
pju
ː
tr
ɪ
d
/
adj
(used about dead animals or
plants) smelling very bad:
the putrid smell of rotten
meat
foul
putt
/
p
ʌ
t
/
verb
[I,T] (in the sport of
golf
) to hit the
ball gently when it is near the hole
putter
/
ˈ
p
ʌ
t
ə
(r)
/ (
AmE
) =
potter
1
putty
/
ˈ
p
ʌ
ti
/
noun
[U] a soft substance that is used
for fixing glass into windows that becomes hard
whe dry
puzzle
1
/
ˈ
p
ʌ
zl
/
noun
[C]
1
a game or toy that
makes you think a lot:
a book of
crossword puzzles
a
jigsaw puzzle
I like to
do puzzles
.
2
[usually
sing] something that is difficult to understand or
explain:
The reasons for his actions have remained a
puzzle to historians.
mystery
puzzle
2
/
ˈ
p
ʌ
zl
/
verb
[T] to make sb feel confused
because they do not understand sth:
Her strange ill-
ness puzzled all the experts.
puzzle over sth
to think hard about sth in
order to understand or explain it:
to puzzle over a
ma hematical prob em
puzzle sth out
to find the nswer to sth by thinking
hard:
The letter was in Italian and it took us an hour to
puzzle out what it said.
puzzled
/
ˈ
p
ʌ
zld
/
adj
not able to understand or
explain sth:
a puzzled expression
PVC
/
ˌ
pi
ː
vi
ː ˈ
si
ː
/
noun
[U] a strong plastic material
used to make a wide variety of products, such as
clothing, pipes, floor coverings, etc.
pyjamas
(
AmE
pajamas
) /
p
əˈ
d
loose trousers and a loose shirt th
picture on
page P1
Notice that you use
an
‘
s
’
) before another noun:
pyj
pylon
/
ˈ
pa
ɪ
l
ə
n
/
noun
[C] a tall
supports heavy electrical wires
pyramid
/
ˈ
p
ɪ
r
ə
m
ɪ
d
/
noun
[C]
1
base and three or four sides in th
picture at
cube
2
a large build
a
pyramid
. The ancient Egyptia
amids
as places to bury their kin
python
/
ˈ
pa
ɪ
θ
ə
n
/
noun
[C] a la
animals by squeezing them very
Q
q
Q, q
/
kju
ː
/
noun
[C,U] (
pl
Qs
;
Q
17th letter of the English alphab
with (a)
‘
Q
’
.
Q
abbr
=
question
1
(1):
Qs 1-5 are
QR code
/
ˌ
kju
ː
ˈɑː
k
əʊ
d
/
noun
[C]
quick
response code
; a pattern
of black and white
squares that contains
information, such as
timetables, links to web-
sites, etc. You can read
this information using
the camera on your
smartphone
(= a mobile phone
puter functions).
qt
abbr
=
quart
quack
/
kwæk
/
noun
[C] the sou
(= a bird that lives on or near wat
note at
duck
quad bike
/
ˈ
kw
ɒ
d ba
ɪ
k
/ (
A
noun
[C] a motorbike with four l
for riding over rough ground, oft
quadrangle
/
ˈ
kw
ɒ
dræ
ŋ
ɡ
l
/ (a
a square open area with buildi
school, college, etc.
quadruple
/
kw
ɒˈ
dru
ː
pl
/
verb
be multiplied by four
quaint
/
kwe
ɪ
nt
/
adj
attractive
it seems to belong to the past
quake
/
kwe
ɪ
k
/
verb
[I] (used a
earth or a building) to shake:
t
quake
noun
[C] (
informal
) =
e
qualification
/
ˌ
kw
ɒ
l
ɪ
f
ɪˈ
ke
ɪʃ
exam that you have passed or a c
you have completed:
to
have
CONSONANTS
p
p
en
b
ad
t
t
ea
d
d
id
k
c
at
ɡ
g
ot
tʃ
ch
in
dʒ
J
une
f
f
all
OUP Wordpower 4e
Data Standards Ltd, Frome, Somerset
–
2/10/2012 01 Wordpower 4e.3d Pa
589
putrid
q
1
Can you put us up for a night when we’re in NewYork?
2
The school is putting up the price of school lunches.
3
I’m going to put up that painting.
4
I can’t put up with his behaviour.
a
But they’re already so expe sive!
b
I know. He’s very unpleasant.
c
Let me help you with that – I’ll make sure it’s straight.
d
Sure. You can stay for as long as yo n ed.
5
Put the word in the correct order to make
sentences. Write two sentences if more than one
order is possible. Add a particle to every sentence.
1
have / fall / I / a problem / Whenever / can / back /
always / I / my mum
2
a fight / She / the att cker / put / against
3
bus tickets / They’ve / the price / of / put
4
fell / Maggie / ith / her sister
5
can’t / I / put / that noise / with
6
holiday / fallen / Our / have / plans
6
Use a dictionary to find the phrasal verbs below.
Check if they are transitive or intransitive, and
separable or inseparable. Then write your own
example sentence with each phrasal verb.
get away get away with sth get sb down
get down to sth get round sb get round to sth
Dictionary entries from
Oxford Wordpower Dictionary
, 4th edition